History of the rise and fall of Monte Albán

Monte Albán was founded in 500 B.C., by leaders from smaller settlements around the valley. The city peaked from 800 AC to 500 B.C., reaching a population of 35,000, and was one of first large city of Mesoamerica.

After 800 D.C., its population dwindled for unknown reasons. However, the discovery of offerings indicates that the city was still used as a sacred place until the arrival of the Spaniards.

The history of Monte Albán is usually divided in five phases:

Monte Albán I (500 BC - 100 BC) : Shortly after the fundation of the city, the hilltop was leveled and the town grew to become the economic and political center of the region, with a population of around 10 thousands.

Mount Albán II (100 BC - 250 AD): Most of the cultural influences of this period came from Teotihuacan, as can still be observed from some of the decoration of buildings and mostly ceramics.

Monte Albán III (250 AD - 800 AD): The city reaches its peak during that time, with a population of 30,000. Most of the stone structures that are still standing today date from this period. Several archaeological findings indicate the city had contacts with Mayan communities in Chiapas and Guatemala.

Monte Albán IV (800 AD - 950 AD): Gradual abandonment of the city. Archeologists speculate that earthquakes may be the reason for the exodus, some say the area just may have not been able to support the large population. Conflicts with the Mixtecs tribe may also have played a role.

Monte Albán V (950 AD - 1600 AD): The town was minimally inhabited. The Mixtecs invaded the valley and reused Monte Albán tombs to bury their most important people. along with their wealth, but the Mixtecs chose not to live in the city. Many of the treasures buried in the tombs can be seen in Oaxaca Santo Domingo museum.